Planning and Design

74 terms

A

• Access AisleAn access aisle is the marked, level clear space next to an accessible parking space or EV charging space that gives a person room...
• Accessible ParkingAccessible Parking refers to parking spaces specifically designed and reserved for individuals with disabilities or special needs.
• Adaptive Reuse (Parking)Adaptive reuse converts a parking structure, in whole or in part, to another occupancy, offices, housing, logistics, amenities, as demand shifts.
• Aggregate LengthIn parking structure ramp design, aggregate length is the total horizontal distance, or run, required to achieve the floor-to-floor vertical rise at a specified...
• Ambient LightingThe general or overall illumination provided in a space to create a comfortable and visually balanced environment.
• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association that represents transportation departments and agencies across the United...
• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a comprehensive civil rights law in the United States that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
• Anthropometric DataAnthropometric Data refers to the measurements and proportions of the human body, encompassing various dimensions such as height, weight, circumferences, lengths, and breadths.
• Architectural MeshArchitectural mesh, also known as architectural wire mesh or metal mesh, is a versatile material made from interwoven metal wires or metal sheets that...
• Autoturn (Driving Simulation Software)AutoTURN is a swept path analysis program, made by Transoft Solutions, that simulates how a vehicle moves through a turn so designers can check...

B

• Biophilic DesignThe term "biophilic" comes from "biophilia," a concept popularized by Harvard biologist E.O.
• Break-over AngleBreak-over Angle refers to the maximum angle at which a vehicle can transition over a change in slope without the undercarriage making contact with...
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility.
• Bumper WallBumper Wall refers to a structural element on the interior and perimeter of a parking garage designed to prevent vehicles from moving beyond designated...

C

• Circulation System, parking facilityCirculation System refers to the layout and design of pathways within a parking facility that facilitate the movement of vehicles and pedestrians.
• Cognitive Map (aka Cognitive Image Map)Cognitive Map (also known as a Cognitive Image Map) is a mental representation or internalized model of the spatial relationships, layout, and features of...
• Compact StallA compact stall is a parking space sized for small cars, narrower and shorter than a standard stall. Many zoning codes allow a percentage...
• Conflict Point MapA Conflict Point Map in the context of parking design is a visual representation that identifies and maps areas within a parking facility where...
• Continuous-Flow Circulation SystemA Continuous-Flow Circulation System in parking facility design refers to a layout that allows vehicles to move through the facility's levels and spaces in...
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a proactive approach to preventing crime through the strategic design and management of the environment.
• Crossover Utility Vehicle (CUV)A crossover utility vehicle (CUV), usually just called a crossover, is a vehicle with the high seating and styling of an SUV built on...
• Cutoff LuminairesA Cutoff Luminaire is a type of light fixture designed to control emitted light in a way that minimizes glare and light pollution.
• Cyclone FencingCyclone fencing is a common name for chain-link fencing: a woven mesh of galvanized or coated steel wire stretched between metal posts.

D

• Design Day / Design HourThe design day and design hour are the demand conditions a parking facility is sized to serve: busy enough to be credible, but not...
• Design Vehicle (for parking facility design)Design Vehicle is a critical concept in parking facility design.
• Double-Loaded Module (see also module and single-loaded module)Double-Loaded Module refers to a specific layout configuration commonly used in parking facility design.
• Double-threaded Helix or Double Helix StructureA double-threaded helix, or double helix, is a parking structure in which two sloped parking ramps, or threads, are interleaved like the threads of...
• Driving simulation software (see Autoturn)Driving Simulation Software refers to computer programs or applications that replicate real-world driving scenarios and allow users to experience driving virtually in a controlled...

E

• Express RampExpress Ramp in parking garage design is a specially constructed pathway that enables vehicles to travel swiftly and directly between different levels of a...

F

• Future-Flexible DesignFuture-flexible design prepares a parking asset to absorb coming requirements, such as EV charging mandates, autonomous vehicle operations and new uses, without redesign: capacity...

G

• GlareGlare refers to light entering the eye directly from luminaires or indirectly from reflective surfaces, causing visual discomfort or reduced visibility.
• Graphic Panel (fiberglass or mesh)Graphic Panel refers to a modern architectural element used in parking garage design, typically made from fiberglass or mesh materials.
• Gross Floor Area (GFA)Gross floor area (GFA) is the total floor area of a building, measured to the outside face of its exterior walls and summed across...

I

• IlluminanceThe amount of direct light falling on a horizontal surface called Horizontal Illuminance.
• Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) is a North American professional society that develops lighting standards, recommended practices and education. Founded in 1906, it is...
• Interlock DimensionThe interlock dimension is the reduction in depth that occurs where two rows of angled parking stalls meet head to head and their ends...

L

• Legibility (vs. Readability)Legibility is the ease with which individual letters and numbers can be recognized and told apart. It depends mainly on the typeface and how...
• Level of Service (LOS)In terms of parking design, "Level of Service" (LOS) is a benchmark or standard used to measure the quality and effectiveness of parking facilities,...
• Level of Service (LOS) BLevel of Service (LOS) B in transportation and traffic engineering represents a relatively high quality of traffic flow with slightly more limitations compared to...
• Level of Service (LOS) CLevel of Service (LOS) C in transportation and traffic engineering is a classification used to describe a moderate level of traffic flow with stable...
• Level of Service (LOS) DLevel of Service (LOS) D in transportation and traffic engineering represents a more congested condition compared to higher levels of service.
• Level of Service (LOS) ELevel of Service (LOS) E in transportation and traffic engineering is characterized by operating conditions at or near the capacity of the roadway.
• Level of Service (LOS) FLevel of Service (LOS) F in transportation and traffic engineering represents the lowest quality of traffic flow, characterized by severely congested conditions.
• Level of Service (LOS) Grading SystemLevel of Service (LOS) grades are a set of standardized categories used in transportation planning and traffic engineering to qualitatively describe the operational conditions...
• Levels of Service (LOS)In the context of parking garage architecture, Levels of Service (LOS) refer to a qualitative measure describing the operational conditions within the parking facility,...
• Levels of Service (LOS) ALevel of Service (LOS) A, in the context of transportation and traffic engineering, represents the highest quality of traffic flow or service experienced by...
• Light StandardA light standard is the pole, with its base and arm, that supports one or more luminaires above a parking lot, roadway or structure...
• Light TrespassLight trespass is light from a property that falls where it is not wanted, typically across the property line onto neighboring homes, windows or...
• LuminanceLuminance is the amount of light leaving a surface in a given direction, the brightness the eye actually perceives, measured in candelas per square...

M

• Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a document published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the United States.
• Metal Halide LightingMetal halide lighting is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp that produces light by passing an electric arc through a gas mixture containing...
• Module, or Parking Module (see also single-loaded module and double-loaded module)A parking module is the basic dimension of a parking layout: the width of one drive aisle plus the depth of the stalls it...

N

• Net Floor Area (NFA)Net floor area is the floor area actually occupied by a building's users, excluding unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, ramps, toilet rooms,...
• Non-Cutoff LuminaireA non-cutoff luminaire is an outdoor light fixture that does not limit light emitted above the horizontal or at high angles, so it sends...

P

• Parking Blocks (Wheel Stops)Parking blocks, also called wheel stops or car stops, are low barriers of concrete, rubber or recycled plastic placed at the head of a...
• Parking DesignParking design is the planning and design of parking facilities: their layout and geometry, circulation, structure, systems and user experience, within the limits of...
• Parking GeometryParking geometry refers to the spatial layout and design dimensions of a parking facility, encompassing various elements that contribute to the facility's functionality, capacity,...
• Pedestrian GuardrailsPedestrian guardrails, called guards in the building code, are rails, walls or panels that protect people from falling where a walking surface is more...
• Perforated PanelsPerforated panels are metal sheets punched with regularly spaced holes, used on parking structures as facade screens, guards and decorative cladding.

R

• Ramp SlopeRamp slope is the steepness of a vehicle ramp, expressed as a percentage (rise over run) or a ratio, and it governs how comfortably...
• Readability (vs. Legibility)Readability is how easily a person can read and understand a message as a whole, while legibility is how easily they can tell individual...
• Retroreflective Lettering For SignsRetroreflective lettering refers to a type of lettering or text that is designed to reflect light back to its source, enhancing visibility and legibility,...
• Roadway Lighting CommitteeThe Roadway Lighting Committee is a technical committee of the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) that develops recommended practices for lighting roadways, streets and related...

S

• Single-helix configurationA single-helix configuration refers to a specific design layout of a parking ramp or parking garage where the vehicle circulation follows a continuous spiral...
• Single-Loaded Module (see also Module and Double-Loaded Module)A single-loaded module is a parking layout in which stalls line only one side of a drive aisle, so the aisle serves a single...
• Speed RampA speed ramp, also called an express ramp, is a ramp in a parking structure dedicated only to moving vehicles between levels, with no...
• Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV)A sport utility vehicle (SUV) is a passenger vehicle with a taller body, higher seating position and often four-wheel or all-wheel drive, built on...
• SuperelevationSuperelevation is the banking of a curved roadway or ramp, tilting the surface toward the inside of the curve so a vehicle's weight helps...

T

• Trip Segment Approach to Wayfinding DesignThe trip segment approach to wayfinding is a strategy that breaks down a journey or trip into distinct segments or stages, each with its...
• Turning BayA turning bay is the area at the end of a parking bay in a parking structure where drivers make a 180-degree turn into...
• Two-Bay End-to-End ConfigurationA two-bay end-to-end configuration, often called an end-to-end continuous helix, is a parking structure layout with two parking modules side by side in which...

V

• Vertical CirculationIn parking facility design, vertical circulation is the movement of people between levels by stairs and elevators, as distinct from the movement of vehicles,...
• Vitruvian PrincipleThe Vitruvian principles, derived from the works of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, revolve around the concepts of strength, utility, and beauty.

W

• WayfindingWayfinding is the system of information and design that helps people find their way: in parking, from the street to the facility, to an...