Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor cells. Parking facilities are among the best places to install them: large, unshaded top decks and surface lots can host panels on canopies without using additional land.
Solar on parking provides shade and weather protection for vehicles, generates power for lighting, ventilation and EV charging, and can export surplus to the grid under utility rules. See solar canopy and interconnection.
Design considerations
- Structure. Canopy columns and foundations add loads to the top deck; the structure must be designed or checked for them. See lateral loads and wind loads.
- Clearances. Canopy height for trucks, vans and fire apparatus.
- Electrical. Inverters, conduit routing and space in the electrical room.
- Fire access. Fire code setbacks and pathways for firefighters.
- Storage. Batteries can shift solar output to evening charging. See battery energy storage.
Economics
Value depends on local electricity rates, export compensation, incentives and whether the power is used on site. EV charging creates on-site demand that improves the case.
The Parkonomics view
A top deck in the sun is a power plant waiting for a canopy. Plan the structure for it even if the panels come later.
Related terms: Solar Canopy, Interconnection, Battery Energy Storage, Microgrid, Net Peak