Thermal Runaway

Thermal runaway is the self-sustaining overheating failure mode of lithium-ion batteries: long-burning, extinguishment-resistant, and capable of reignition. In a parking facility:

1 Trigger Heat, damage,or overcharge 2 Venting Overheats andvents hot gas 3 Propagation Ignites thenext cell 4 Sustained fire Self-feeding;reignites later
How a single stressed lithium-ion cell can cascade into a self-sustaining fire, the failure mode behind EV battery incidents and the focus of UL and FSRI fire-safety research.
  • EVs ignite less often than combustion vehicles, but the character of the fire differs: the structural answers are water supply and duration, sprinkler design density, charger placement with access and separation, and a briefed fire service.

Considerations

  • Charger placement should never compromise the single egress path. Lower frequency, different character, design for duration, not panic.
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